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  "@id": "https://gdsc.idsc.miami.edu/detail/global_pm25_concentration_1998_2016",
  
  "name": "Annual PM2.5 Concentrations for Countries and Urban Areas, v1 (1998–2016)",
  "description": "The Annual PM2.5 Concentrations for Countries and Urban Areas, 1998-2016, consists of mean concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) for countries and urban areas derived from Global Annual PM2.5 Grids.",
  "url": "https://ciesin.climate.columbia.edu/content/data",
  
  "datePublished": "2021-04-06",
  "dateModified": "2021-04-06",
  "version": "2026-03-19",

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      "name": "Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Organization",
      "name": "Columbia University"
    }
  ],
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    "name": "Geospatial Digital Special Collections (GDSC), University of Miami"
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  "keywords": ["Global", "PM 2.5", "Air Quality", "Vector", "Urban Areas"],

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      "value": "multipolygon"
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  "spatialCoverage": {
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    "name": "Global",
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  "temporalCoverage": "1998-01-01/2016-12-31",

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    "name": "urbid",
    "description": "Code of the urban extent polygons (not unique)",
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    "maxValue": 94650
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    "@type": "PropertyValue",
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    "description": "Name of the Urban Extent, caps and concatenated. If the urban extents polygons include more than one settlement, the name of the urban extent is the name of the settlement with the highest population",
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    "name": "name",
    "description": "Name of the Urban Extent. If the urban extents polygons include more than one settlement, the name of the urban extent is the name of the settlement with the highest population",
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  },
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    "name": "isourbid",
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    "name": "sqkm",
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    "description": "Continent Name",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:string"
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    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_1998",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 1998. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
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    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
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    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
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    "maxValue": 82.91,
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  },
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    "name": "avpmu_1999",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 1999. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.00,
    "maxValue": 77.47,
    "valueReference": {
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    "name": "referenceYear",
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    "valueReference": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q25245" 
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    "name": "avpmu_2000",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2000. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
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    "maxValue": 81.73,
    "startDate": "2000-01-01",
    "endDate": "2000-12-31"
  },
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    "name": "avpmu_2001",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2001. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.00,
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    "startDate": "2001-01-01",
    "endDate": "2001-12-31"
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    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2002",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2002. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.00,
    "maxValue": 88.72,
    "startDate": "2002-01-01",
    "endDate": "2002-12-31"
  },
  {
    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2003",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2003. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.00,
    "maxValue": 103.41,
    "startDate": "2003-01-01",
    "endDate": "2003-12-31"
  },
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    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2004",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2004. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.00,
    "maxValue": 99.80,
    "startDate": "2004-01-01",
    "endDate": "2004-12-31"
  },
  {
    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2005",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2005. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.00,
    "maxValue": 101.18,
    "startDate": "2005-01-01",
    "endDate": "2005-12-31"
  },
  {
    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2006",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2006. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.00,
    "maxValue": 103.09,
    "startDate": "2006-01-01",
    "endDate": "2006-12-31"
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  {
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    "name": "avpmu_2007",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2007. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
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    "maxValue": 104.29,
    "startDate": "2007-01-01",
    "endDate": "2007-12-31"
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    "name": "avpmu_2008",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2008. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.10,
    "maxValue": 124.95,
    "startDate": "2008-01-01",
    "endDate": "2008-12-31"
  },
  {
    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2009",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2009. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.10,
    "maxValue": 110.21,
    "startDate": "2009-01-01",
    "endDate": "2009-12-31"
  },
  {
    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2010",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2010. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.10,
    "maxValue": 104.90,
    "startDate": "2010-01-01",
    "endDate": "2010-12-31"
  },
  {
    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2011",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2011. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
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    "startDate": "2011-01-01",
    "endDate": "2011-12-31"
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  {
    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2012",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2012. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
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    "startDate": "2012-01-01",
    "endDate": "2012-12-31"
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    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2013",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2013. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.10,
    "maxValue": 99.83,
    "startDate": "2013-01-01",
    "endDate": "2013-12-31"
  },
  {
    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2014",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2014. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.10,
    "maxValue": 97.52,
    "startDate": "2014-01-01",
    "endDate": "2014-12-31"
  },
  {
    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2015",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2015. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
    "qudt:dataType": "xsd:float",
    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": 0.20,
    "maxValue": 104.41,
    "startDate": "2015-01-01",
    "endDate": "2015-12-31"
  },
  {
    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "avpmu_2016",
    "description": "PM2.5 Exposure for named urban areas from GRUMPv1: Urban Extent Polygons, Revision 02, from 2016. It is measured in micrograms per cubic meter, and is the average annual concentration of PM2.5 to which the typical citizen of each urban area is exposed. Blanks (-9999) represent missing data.",
    "propertyID": "2052499839",
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    "unitCode": "unit:MicroGM-PER-M3",
    "unitText": "micrograms/cubic meter",
    "minValue": -0.50,
    "maxValue": 126.79,
    "startDate": "2016-01-01",
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],

  "isBasedOn": {
    "@type": "Dataset",
    "name": "Global Annual PM2.5 Grids from MODIS, MISR and SeaWiFS",
    "url": "https://ciesin.climate.columbia.edu/content/data"
  },

  "subjectOf": {
    "@type": "SoftwareSourceCode",
    "name": "GDSC ETL Tools",
    "description": "Pipeline scripts detailing the data retrieval (wget) and processing workflow.",
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  }
}